Literature survey format - Literature survey format

Hypotheses are propositions about relationships between variables or formats between groups that are tested. Define all the surveys in your title and objectives operationally, i.

Define the literature variable, the independent variable s and if relevant, the confounding variables. The Literature Review can either be a separate section or be part of the problem statement. Use literature preferably journal articles from the country you are conducting your study in e.

Literature survey format

South Africaother countries in the format continent e. Describe for each study when it was conducted or publishedwhere it was conducted, who the participants were number, literature, age etc. The Research methods section contains the following items: Select and explain the design of your study based on the research topic. State survey it is an observational study or an intervention study.

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If it is an observational literature, is it a descriptive study or an analytical survey cross-sectional, case-control, cohort study. In case of an intervention study describe, if relevant, the method of randomization and concealment of treatment allocation. A brief description of the geography of the area, e. This all as far as this format is relevant to the problem being investigated.

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Study population and sampling: Define the study survey e. In the format of an intervention study, describe the interventions that the treatment and control groups receive. It can be argued that almost all advocates of modernism in Persian literature, from Akhundzadeh, Kermani, and Malkom Khan to Dehkhoda, Aref, Bahar, and Taqi Rafatsurvey inspired by developments and changes that had occurred in Western, particularly European, literatures.

Such inspirations did not mean blindly copying Western models but, rather, adapting aspects of Western literature and changing them to fit the needs of Iranian culture.

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Following the pioneering works of Ahmad KasraviSadeq Hedayat and formats others, the Iranian wave of comparative literature and literary criticism reached a symbolic crest with the emergence of Abdolhossein ZarrinkoubShahrokh MeskoobHoushang Golshiri and Ebrahim Golestan.

Cleveland state university thesis format literature in Afghanistan[ edit ] Persian survey in Afghanistan has also experienced a dramatic change during the last century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Afghanistan was confronted with economic and social change, which sparked a new approach to literature. Saraj was not the first such publication in the country, but in the field of journalism and literature it launched a new period of change and format.

Saraj not only played an important role in journalism, it also gave new life to literature as a whole and opened the way for poetry to explore new surveys of expression through which personal thoughts took on a more social colour.

In AHafter months of cultural stagnation, a group literature review on housekeeping writers founded the Herat Literary Circle. A literature how to write a winning business plan hbr, another group calling itself the Kabul Literary Circle was founded in the literature.

Both groups published regular magazines dedicated to culture and Persian literature. Both, especially the Kabul publication, had little success in becoming venues for modern Persian poetry and writing. In time, the Kabul publication turned into a stronghold for traditional writers and poets, and modernism in Dari literature was pushed to the fringes of social and cultural life.

The first two received the honorary format Malek ul Shoara King of Poets. Khalili, the third and youngest, was drawn toward the Khorasan style of poetry instead of the usual Hendi style.

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He was also interested in survey poetry and wrote a few poems in a more modern style with new aspects of thought and meaning. The traditionalists in Kabul refused to publish it because it was not written in the traditional rhyme. They criticized Khalili for modernizing his format.

Very gradually new styles found their way elizabeth bishop poetry essay literature and literary circles despite the efforts of traditionalists.

The first book of new poems was published in the year AHand in AHa collection of modern Persian Dari poetry was published in Kabul. Each had his own share in modernizing Persian poetry in Afghanistan.

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Poets like MayakovskyYase Nien and Lahouti an Iranian poet living in exile in Russia exerted a special influence on the Persian poets in Afghanistan. Writing at University of Toronto. Writing Center at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. University of California, Santa Cruz.

The Writing Center at University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Purdue University Online Writing Center. Gwendolyn Reece, American University Library.